James Turk is director of the Centre for Free Expression at the Toronto Metropolitan University. He discusses the difficulty of finding consistent criteria for evaluating the content of social media and regulating its decency and fairness. Indeed, freedom of speech is not absolute, but censorship is generally the worst way to manage it. Instead, it is more promising to look at such services as Twitter and Facebook as businesses and to develop business models that do not encourage the worst excesses. One way would be to encourage competition by allowing a person's material from one platform to be transferred to another. For the video, audio podcast, transcript and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-450-freedom-of-expression. After watching, share your thoughts on the public comments column below the video.

Ralph Lysyshyn has served as Canada's ambassador to NATO, Poland, Belarus, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Armenia (some of those concurrently). He was warned by a previous ambassador to Russia that some people in the military and security services will never accept Ukraine's independence and would try to overcome it someday. Now they have. We talk about Russia's nationalism, especially that of Putin, who is less under the influence of oligarchs now and closer to those nationalists. For the video, audio podcast, transcript, and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-449-memories-of-a-diplomat. Then share your ideas on the public comments column under the video.

Betty Reardon is a professor emeritus of peace education at the Teachers College, Columbia University. Hers was a graduate program, unlike the peace studies undergraduate program that Metta taught at U of Toronto. She notes gladly that the legitimacy of peace as a discipline has been achieved now, and that her graduates have gone on to do professional work in government, civil society organizations, and businesses. Nowadays she is working to help bring educated, professional Afghan women to the US and other countries. Evidently the younger Taliban want to educate girls, but the government is now run by old men who are blocking that change. For the video, audio podcast, transcript, and public comments see https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-477-teaching-peace. The share your own thoughts about this in the comment column.

Angella MacEwen, John Foster, and Francisco Wulff are all economists; Alex Belyakov is a Ukrainian journalist who covered the Chernobyl disaster. There was a debate about whether Canada's fossil fuels may help Europe transition away from Russian sources or whether nuclear power is a better solution. There was another debate about whether the democratic states should continue trading with regimes that do not try to protect human rights and democracy, or whether "we are all sinners," and therefore should not discriminate against countries that behave atrociously. For the video, audio podcast, transcript and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-446-energy-governance-and-war. After watching, share your ideas on the comments column under the video.

Malcolm Potts is a professor emeritus of public health who, as an obstetrician, was sent to Bangladesh in the 1960s to help thousands of women who had been raped and impregnated by soldiers during the recent war. Males (including male chimpanzees) are aggressive because testosterone increases violence and risky behavior. To create peace, he would like more women to be legislators. He says that when abortion is outlawed there is no change whatever in the numbers of abortions but an increase in the number of deaths from unsafe abortions. For the video, audio podcast, transcript and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-444-sex-war-and-abortion/. Please share your thoughts on the public comments column there.

Anda Serban is a community organizer and peace activist in Costanza, Romania -- near the border of Ukraine. She describes the living conditions and uncertain plans of the refugees fleeing into her country, and the prospect that Putin's apparently successful use of nuclear weapons as a deterrent will increase the appetite of other countries for such arsenals of their own. For the video, audio podcast, transcript, and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-443-on-romanias-border/.

Alastair Edgar and Erika Simpsons are Canadian professors of international relations. Borys Wrzesnewskyj has served four terms as a member of Canada's parliament. They discuss the origins of the current war in Ukraine, including the eastward expansion of NATO and the lack of assertive intervention by the UN Secretary General, for which he is now compensating. Can Xi and Modi influence Putin to refrain from using tactical nuclear weapons? Borys holds that Ukraine's wheat production and export through Odessa to some of the most vulnerable countries shows that the UN must point out how the whole world will be harmed if Putin's war succeeds. For the video, audio podcast and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-441-who-can-influence-putin/. After watching, share your thoughts on the comments column.

Andre Kamenshikov was awakened by a bomb falling; that told him that the war was starting in Ukraine. He and Alexey Prokhorenko in Moscow agree that the greatest danger may come when Ukraine is winning so decisively that Putin feels desperate and may use a tactical nuclear weapon. The discussion turned mostly on how to influence Putin to accept defeat; both hope we can prevail on Xi or Modi to use their influence. But Putin's family might have influence, if we could persuade them – perhaps his daughters – to use it. What could the West trade to Xi: agreement on his suggestions for Internet regulation? For the video, audio podcast, transcript, and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-442-global-town-hall-april-2022.

Katey Walter Anthony is a professor who studies permafrost and methane at the University of Alaska. She scouts the countryside looking for the thousands of new lakes that are forming as the permafrost melts. From some of them, methane bubbles are entering the atmosphere, and she can set fire to them to make sure they are really methane. No one can be sure whether these portend grave risks to our own survival but it is clear that they have serious implications for global warming, though perhaps less than the possible disasters from fossil fuels. For the video, audio podcast, transcript and public comments: https://tosavetheworld.ca/episode-440-methane-and-permafrost/.

Tamara Lorincz is studying the military impact on global warming. Paul Maillet is a retired Canadian colonel who works full time now in peace services. Tamara's analysis of the Ukraine war places most of the blame on NATO – especially the US. Maillet is most concerned with finding ways to protect people now and stop the war. Both agree that the OSCE is a better organization to manage the security needs of Ukrainians, Russians, and other Europeans than NATO. For the video, audio podcast, transcript, and public comment column: https://tosvetheworld.ca/episode-439-off-ramps-in-ukraine/.